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Blue carbon is carbon captured and stored by coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass meadows and tidal salt marshes, especially in soils.

Ocean pollution includes plastics, nutrients, sewage, chemicals, oil and noise. Most sources begin on land, so effective solutions start upstream.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a broad region where currents concentrate dispersed marine debris—not a solid island of rubbish visible from…

Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 millimetres. They come from fragmented waste, textiles, tyres, products and lost fishing gear.

Coral reefs support extraordinary biodiversity, food and livelihoods, reduce coastal wave energy and hold cultural and scientific value.

Coral bleaching occurs when stressed corals lose their symbiotic algae and turn white. Bleached coral is alive, but prolonged heat can cause…

Ocean acidification happens as seawater absorbs carbon dioxide, lowering pH and changing carbonate chemistry needed by corals and shell-forming life.

Rip currents are narrow flows moving away from shore. Learn how they form, how to spot one and what to do if…

Most tsunamis begin when an undersea earthquake suddenly displaces water. Learn other causes, warning signs and why a tsunami is not a…

El Niño warms and La Niña cools the central and eastern tropical Pacific, shifting winds, rainfall, upwelling and weather around the world.